能源是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和原動(dòng)力。近年來，能源緊缺日漸成為制約經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素，并且化石燃料的大量燃燒造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染和溫室效應(yīng)。以前被忽略的焦?fàn)t煤氣、垃圾填埋氣、煤層氣等可燃?xì)怏w越來越受到人們的重視。合理充分利用這些可燃性資源不僅可以有效緩解能源緊張問題，同時(shí)也有利于減輕環(huán)境污染問題。

　　Energy is the material foundation and driving force for the development of the national economy. In recent years, energy scarcity has become a key factor restricting economic development, and the large-scale combustion of fossil fuels has caused serious environmental pollution and greenhouse effect. Previously overlooked combustible gases such as coke oven gas, landfill gas, and coalbed methane are receiving increasing attention from people. Reasonably and fully utilizing these combustible resources can not only effectively alleviate energy shortages, but also help alleviate environmental pollution problems.

　　尾氣余熱發(fā)電的理論可行性

　　Theoretical feasibility of tail gas waste heat power generation

　　焦?fàn)t尾氣生產(chǎn)與利用現(xiàn)狀我國(guó)是世界上焦炭生產(chǎn)最大的國(guó)家，每年估計(jì)大約有2億t優(yōu)質(zhì)煤炭用于生產(chǎn)焦炭。在煉焦生產(chǎn)出焦炭和焦油產(chǎn)品的同時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的高溫?zé)煔?，即焦?fàn)t尾氣。焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電是指將這些多余煙氣的熱量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的技術(shù)。其中，用于發(fā)電的余熱主要有高溫?zé)煔庥酂?、低溫余熱、冷卻介質(zhì)余熱、化學(xué)反應(yīng)余熱以及廢氣、廢液余熱等七種。余熱發(fā)電的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備是余熱鍋爐和發(fā)電機(jī)組，余熱鍋爐可利用可燃質(zhì)或廢液、廢氣等工質(zhì)中的余熱作熱源，生產(chǎn)蒸汽用于發(fā)電。根據(jù)相關(guān)調(diào)查顯示，焦?fàn)t尾氣的余熱總資源約占煤炭消耗總量的17％～67％，可利用的余熱約占余熱總量的60％。合理有效利用焦?fàn)t尾氣是提高能源利用率，減輕環(huán)境污染的一個(gè)重要舉措。

　　The current situation of production and utilization of coke oven exhaust gas: China is the country with the largest coke production in the world, with an estimated 200 million tons of high-quality coal used for coke production every year. At the same time as coking produces coke and tar products, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas, namely coke oven tail gas, is generated. Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation refers to the technology of converting the excess heat of these flue gases into electrical energy. Among them, the waste heat used for power generation mainly includes seven types: high-temperature flue gas waste heat, low-temperature waste heat, cooling medium waste heat, chemical reaction waste heat, and waste gas and waste liquid waste heat. The key equipment for waste heat power generation is the waste heat boiler and generator set. The waste heat boiler can use the waste heat from combustible materials or working fluids such as waste liquid and exhaust gas as a heat source to produce steam for power generation. According to relevant surveys, the total waste heat resources of coke oven exhaust gas account for about 17% to 67% of the total coal consumption, and the available waste heat accounts for about 60% of the total waste heat. Reasonable and effective utilization of coke oven exhaust gas is an important measure to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental pollution.

　　目前，國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱回收利用的途徑很多，主要包括綜合利用、直接利用以及余熱發(fā)電利用。直接利用是指將余熱應(yīng)用于空調(diào)暖通或作為動(dòng)力源等，利用率相對(duì)較高，但限于暖通空調(diào)季節(jié)變化較大或用量較小等特點(diǎn)，以及作為動(dòng)力用要求相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的負(fù)荷的特點(diǎn)，直接利用的方式具有一定的局限性。隨著我國(guó)對(duì)節(jié)能減排的支持，對(duì)能源的重視以及余熱發(fā)電技術(shù)的日益成熟，余熱發(fā)電所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益越來越受到企業(yè)的重視，利用焦?fàn)t尾氣生產(chǎn)高品質(zhì)電能逐漸成為余熱利用的趨勢(shì)，有利于提高資源利用率，緩解供電緊張。

　　At present, there are many ways to recover and utilize the waste heat from coke oven tail gas in China, mainly including comprehensive utilization, direct utilization, and waste heat power generation utilization. Direct utilization refers to the use of waste heat for air conditioning, heating and ventilation, or as a power source, with a relatively high utilization rate. However, due to the characteristics of large seasonal variations or small usage in HVAC, as well as the requirement for relatively stable loads as power, direct utilization has certain limitations. With China's support for energy conservation and emission reduction, emphasis on energy, and the increasing maturity of waste heat power generation technology, the economic and social benefits brought by waste heat power generation are receiving more and more attention from enterprises. The use of coke oven tail gas to produce high-quality electricity has gradually become a trend in waste heat utilization, which is conducive to improving resource utilization efficiency and alleviating power supply shortages.

　　焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電的方式電能是一種使用靈活且方便的高級(jí)能。對(duì)于焦?fàn)t尾氣的高溫余熱，采用余熱發(fā)電的回收利用方式更符合能及匹配原則。而對(duì)于焦?fàn)t尾氣的低溫度余熱，在沒有熱用戶的情況下，可以選擇的回收方式則是將余熱轉(zhuǎn)化為電能后再加以利用。焦?fàn)t尾氣的余熱發(fā)電一般有三種方式：一是首先利用余熱鍋爐產(chǎn)生蒸汽，再通過蒸汽輪機(jī)或燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)等發(fā)電機(jī)組，按背壓式循環(huán)或凝汽式機(jī)組循環(huán)發(fā)電。

　　The method of generating electricity from coke oven tail gas waste heat is a flexible and convenient advanced energy source. For the high-temperature waste heat of coke oven tail gas, the recycling and utilization method of waste heat power generation is more in line with the principle of energy and matching. For the low-temperature waste heat of coke oven tail gas, in the absence of heat users, the alternative recovery method is to convert the waste heat into electrical energy and then reuse it. There are generally three ways to generate electricity from the waste heat of coke oven exhaust gas: firstly, steam is generated by a waste heat boiler, and then electricity is generated by a back pressure cycle or condensing unit cycle through a steam turbine or gas turbine generator set.

　　二是采用氟利昂等低沸點(diǎn)工質(zhì)回收低、中溫余熱，在透平中將產(chǎn)生的氟利昂蒸氣等按朗肯循環(huán)膨脹做功，帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)電。三是對(duì)于焦?fàn)t尾氣的高溫余熱，將其作為燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)工質(zhì)的熱源，經(jīng)加熱、加壓等方式推動(dòng)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)做功，在帶動(dòng)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)做功的同時(shí)，帶動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)電。1.3焦?fàn)t尾氣發(fā)電的特點(diǎn)焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電的特點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在五個(gè)方面：一是建設(shè)期短，一般4臺(tái)500kW的內(nèi)燃機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)建設(shè)成總裝機(jī)容量為2000kW的燃?xì)獍l(fā)電站，建設(shè)期為20d左右。二是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)焦化廠的雙回路供電，利用焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電，能夠改善焦化廠的供電條件，尤其是供電緊張的焦化廠，可以在外界供電緊張的情況下，保持正常的運(yùn)行。三是有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境，焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱的主要成分是氫氣、甲烷、一氧化碳等，焦?fàn)t尾氣余熱發(fā)電可以變廢為寶，減少燃燒排空造成的空氣污染，對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)具有非常積極的意義。四是方便搬遷，燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組的體積小，能夠方便移動(dòng)。五是電站規(guī)模范圍廣，發(fā)電機(jī)組各種功率規(guī)格齊全，品種多，焦化廠可根據(jù)焦?fàn)t尾氣的量選擇電站規(guī)模。

　　The second is to use low boiling point refrigerants such as Freon to recover low and medium temperature waste heat, and to expand the generated Freon vapor in the turbine according to the Rankine cycle to do work, driving the generator set to generate electricity. The third is to use the high-temperature waste heat from coke oven exhaust gas as a heat source for gas turbine working fluid, and to drive the gas turbine to do work through heating, pressurization, and other methods. While driving the gas turbine to do work, it also drives the generator set to generate electricity. 1.3 Characteristics of Coke Oven Tail Gas Power Generation The characteristics of coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation are mainly manifested in five aspects: firstly, the construction period is short. Generally, four 500kW internal combustion engine generators are built into a gas power station with a total installed capacity of 2000kW, and the construction period is about 20 days. The second is to achieve dual circuit power supply for coking plants, utilizing the waste heat of coke oven tail gas to generate electricity, which can improve the power supply conditions of coking plants, especially for those with tight power supply, and can maintain normal operation under external power supply constraints. Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment. The main components of coke oven tail gas waste heat are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, etc. Coke oven tail gas waste heat power generation can turn waste into treasure, reduce air pollution caused by combustion and exhaust, and have a very positive significance for environmental protection. Fourthly, it is convenient for relocation. The gas generator set has a small volume and can be easily moved. Fifthly, the power station has a wide range of scales, with various power specifications and varieties of generator sets. Coking plants can choose the power station scale according to the amount of coke oven tail gas.

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